Definition

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) occurs just prior to menstruation and is characterized by significant:

    
  • Depression
  • Irritability
  • Tension

    • PMDD is much more severe and less common than PMS .

    Causes

    The exact cause is not known.

    Risk Factors

    Factors that may increase the risk of PMDD include:

        
  • Having hormonal changes
  • Having a family history of PMDD
  • Experiencing a lot of stress or a traumatic life event
  • Having depression or another mental health condition

    • Microscopic View of Hormone Receptor

    molecule and receptor

    Menstruation causes many hormonal changes, which may play a role in PMDD.

    Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

    Symptoms

    Symptoms include:

        
  • Extreme sadness
  • Frequent crying
  • Irritability
  • Anxiety
  • Unusually strong cravings for certain foods
  • Difficulty concentrating or paying attention
  • Insomnia
  • Panic attacks
  • Mood swings
  • Fatigue or lack of energy
  • Physical symptoms (eg, sore breasts, headaches, joint or muscle pain, swelling, bloating)

    • Symptoms typically begin 10-14 days prior to the start of menstruation.

    Diagnosis

    Your doctor will diagnose PMDD based on your symptoms. You may be asked to keep a record of when your symptoms occur and how severe they are.

    Your doctor may also order:

        
  • Blood tests
  • Tests to check hormone levels

    • Treatment

    Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:

    Lifestyle Changes

    These steps can help manage symptoms of PMDD:

        
  • Exercise throughout the week.
  • Get plenty of rest.
  • Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  • Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine.
  • Learn stress management techniques.
  • Improve your sleep habits.

    • Medications

    Your doctor may recommend:

        
  • Antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs])
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Nutritional supplements

    • Prevention

    To reduce your chance of PMDD, take these steps:

        
  • Get plenty of exercise and rest.
  • Eat a well-balanced diet.
  • Manage stress.