Tendons are the cords that connect bones to muscles in the body. They are covered by a sleeve-like tissue. Tenosynovitis is an inflammation of this sleeve. It occurs most often in the hand, wrist, or foot.
Most cases of tenosynovitis are caused by one of the following:
InjuryInfectionStrain
Repetitive motions
such as those used for:
Computer operationAssembly line workCash register operationSports that involve repetitive actionsSewingPlaying musical instrumentsFactors that may increase your risk of
tenosynovitis include:
Repetitive actions with your hand, wrist, or foot during work or play
Diseases that cause inflammation such as
gout
and
rheumatoid arthritisTenosynovitis may cause:
Joint painJoint stiffnessJoint swellingDifficulty moving a joint
Redness along the length of the tendon
Tenosynovitis is common in the tendons of the thumb. This is called de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. It causes pain and stiffness in the thumb side of the wrist.
The wrists, hands, and feet are also commonly affected. Tenosynovitis that affects tendons of the fingers can also make the finger stick in a bent position.
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. It will include an assessment of the joint.
A blood test may also be done. Your doctor will use this to look for signs of bacterial infection or other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Your doctor may refer you to a hand specialist.
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. The goals of treatment is to reduce swelling and pain and to allow the tendon to move freely. Treatment options include the following:
Resting the involved joint is often the best treatment for tenosynovitis. A brace or splint may be used to help you rest the joint. Rest may be combined with basic stretching and strengthening exercises.
Applying ice or heat to the area may decrease pain and swelling. Start with ice, especially soon after the injury. If ice is not helpful try heat.
Several medications are used to treat tenosynovitis. These include:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to help reduce inflammation and painTopical pain medicines, such as creams and patches, that are applied to the skinCorticosteroids—injected into the sheathAntibiotics—if tenosynovitis was caused by a bacterial infectionSurgery may be used for severe tenosynovitis. The surgery will release the tendon and allow it to move freely.
To prevent tenosynovitis, avoid overuse of your tendons. Take the following steps if you have a job or hobby that involves repetitive motions of the hand, wrist, or foot:
Adjust your workspace to minimize the strain on your jointsAlternate activities when possibleTake breaks throughout the dayExercise regularlyLast reviewed May 2013 by Michael Woods, MD; Michael Woods, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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